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It all began with TV Sundaram Iyengar, a Tamil Nadu lawyer-turned-businessman who recognised motor vehicles' potential to change lives and founded the first bus service in Madurai in 1911. Throughout the years, he passed on the baton to his sons, and his company expanded into automotive components manufacturing. In 1962, it partnered with UK-based Clayton Dewandre Holdings and began manufacturing automotive components under the name Sundaram Clayton. 
 
Almost two decades later, the brand launched India's first 2-seater 50cc moped, the TVS 50. This unassuming little two-wheeler really cemented the brand's reputation with its simplicity and reliability. This moped marked the beginning of TVS' eventful journey in the Indian automotive Industry.
 
Back in 1982, TVS dabbled in motorsports. The TVS 50 moped was stripped down and clocked insane speeds of 105kmph! In 2005, TVS Racing was created, which went on to compete in many motorsport events including rally, rallycross, and road racing. It was also TVS Racing that introduced one-make racing championships, which are attracting budding motorcycle racers from all over the country. 
 
In 2001, TVS and Suzuki ended their partnership. In spite of the tightening emission norms and the entry of newer competitors, TVS was still unfazed and launched Victor, India's first fully indigenously developed motorcycle. 
 
TVS Apache was released in 2005 in the Indian market. As a result of the Apache range, TVS' Racing genes became synonymous with the brand. Despite this, the Fiero and Fiero F2 were the ones that laid the groundwork for the Apache range. Bajaj Pulsar 150 and Hero Honda CBZ were meant to compete with these bikes.
 
To comply with the new emission standards, almost the entire two-wheeler range of TVS Motors has been upgraded. Norton Motorcycles, an iconic British brand, has also been acquired by the two-wheeler giant for Rs 153 crore.

Hero MotoCorp is the largest producer of two-wheelers in the world. Just like Honda, Hero has four manufacturing units, namely at Gurgaon, Neemrana, Dharuhera and Haridwar. With its production capacity peaking at 7.6 million bikes a year, it is now venturing into EV and hybrid segments like Leap Hybrid SES, Hero Electric Atria, Ampere Magnus EX and Joy e-bike Glob.
 
The company serves India's most popular bikes like Glamour, Splendor and HF Deluxe. Even though it parted ways with Honda over a conflict of interest in the export market, Hero MotoCorp has been able to retain the top spot. It ventured into scooters after the mega-success of Honda Activa and launched Maestro, Pleasure and the Duet. 
 
Off-road centric components and travel suspension on the one hand with Hero Xpulse and durable with minimum service, Splendor remains unbeaten. Still, Passion pro got underplayed because of the on-road vehicle performance, which is the ultimate test.
 
Post covid, the market dynamics and requirements have changed. The government policies, along with patented technology, have created a demand-supply shock in the motorcycle segment. There has been a steep fall in volume-wise production, which now raises many hurdles in front of the company.
 
So that it remains relevant 10 years down the line, the feasibility of only electric-based 2 wheeler vehicles being tested along with Hydrogen is too volatile for the present time. Hence, modulation of sales with its reach across the country, Hero Motorcycles would be wary of any new investment unless it guarantees the protection of its sales which is largely fuelled by its present existing but diminishing sales model.

Venturing into India in 1984, a joint partnership with Hero Cycles was going to be a boon for the Japanese company Honda Motorcycles (HMSI). With its vibrant catalogue, Honda, presently with 4 manufacturing units, has single-handedly transformed the two-wheeler segment in India.
 
Honda Activa and Dream Yuga segments actually crushed the competition with competitive pricing and aggressive marketing. Some popular products launched by Honda include Honda Shine, Honda Activa 125, Activa 6G, Honda CD, Honda CB Shine, Honda CB Unicorn 160, Honda CBR, and Honda Grazia.
 
The core strength that has attracted India wide dealership and customer trust is the quality of the product Honda offers. Durability, Engine efficiency, Body type and Ride quality influence the decision of the rider, for which Honda has a well-structured R&D segment.
 
After ending its 26 years old partnership with Heroin year 2011 with a row over exports, Honda has been able to pull in double-digit growth much because of its earlier investments in the R&D segment. Still, in terms of volume, Hero is the leader in the bike segment. In the 110 CC bike segment, the Deluxe and Splendor range of Hero remains unbeatable.
 
Honda, unlike Hero, is also focusing on the upper-middle class with its CBR range. It's also trying to compete with brands like Royal Enfield with the launch of Honda Hness CB350 (ex-showroom 1.95 lac) and Honda Hness CB350RS.
 
As the company caters to brand creation at a global level instead of being centric on Asian countries, the racing bikes often stand class apart. Honda's most expensive bike, Golfwing (1850 cc), along with CBR 1000RR-R (Fireblade), Honda Africa Twin, CBR 650R and CB500X, creates a different aura for the company.

Long rides found renewed passion with Royal Enfield after Meghdoot. But, whether it has been Enfield's current most popular bikes Classic 350, Bullet 350 and Meteor 350 or the most fearsome ones, which include Continent GT 650 and Interceptor 650, Enfield in India remained unchallenged.
 
Royal Enfield started its manufacturing as early as 1901, with the motto "made Like a gun." With the advent of capitalism, Eicher Motors, an Indian multinational company, bought Royal Enfield in 1994, which was earlier British. This foray sought fortune for the company, as it laid down the foundation for modernisation.
 
The challenges were many, primarily losing out on the existing brand value, which was concretised on the classic bullet platform. Redesigning the bullet was like modernising the relic of the past with a cast iron engine and the distant gears. It was not earlier than 2006 that the woes of the past were resolved.
 
Now, new entrants in the Indian market like Triumph and Indian chief were a different challenge for Royal Enfield, which was trying to get hold of the international market. But despite the competition, competitive prices put on by Royal Enfield would only let it earn more customers.
 
The latest add on being, a digital instrument cluster and projector headlamp along with a rear disc brake and ABS, bridged the huge divide which lay between Royal Enfield and the competition while at the same time keeping the classic symbol of "bullet" alive.
 
Royal Enfield not only catered to the aspirations of people, but it also matured as a brand for the customers seeking masochism to go along with their attitude. Venturing further into merchandise, Royal Enfield has ties with Alpinestars for riding gears which are waterproof.

In India, Bajaj Auto Limited is one of the oldest manufacturers of two-wheelers. Among its two-wheelers are the Chetak, Priya, and Super, geared scooters that made their mark in the Indian market. The company then had a 31-year partnership with Kawasaki that ended in 2017 and resulted in many interesting performance bikes for Indian bikers. With its Pulsar range, Bajaj became the most popular brand for affordable performance bikes. As well as its JV with Austrian brand KTM, the company builds a few bicycles at its Chakan factory. The Indian company has also entered into an alliance with Triumph Motorcycles to build mid-capacity bikes for the British brand. It is also the highest exporter of two-wheelers from India and has a presence in over 70 countries.
 
Bajaj Bikes are most popular in India with Bajaj Pulsar NS200, Bajaj Pulsar 150, Bajaj Pulsar 125 Neon starting at Rs. 59,104. Bajaj Dominar 400 is the most expensive bike model offered by the company, priced at 2.22 lakhs. 
The Bajaj Group was formed in the first days of India's independence from Britain. Its founder, Jamnalal Bajaj, had been a follower of Mahatma Gandhi, who reportedly referred to him as a fifth son. 'Whenever I spoke of wealthy men becoming the trustees of their wealth for the common good I always had this merchant prince principally in mind,' said the Mahatma after Jamnalal's death.

Yamaha is a Japanese manufacturer widely known for its motorcycles. It was founded in 1955 by Genichi Kawakami. The company is headquartered in Shizuoka, Japan. The complete name of the company is Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd which separated from Yamaha Corporation in 1955. However, Yamaha Corp is still the largest shareholder of the company. 
 
Yamaha's first bike was the YA-1. It was a two-stroke, 125cc single-cylinder bike and was created under the leadership of Kawakami. The bike went on to win the 3rd Mount Fuji Ascent Race. Although the bike was based on DKW RT 125, the bike proved to be a huge success in competitions. It also won the All Japan Autobike Endurance Road Race in 1955. 
 
In 1956, Yamaha developed the YA-2 as an upgrade to the YA-1. By then, the company had started competing in international competitions. In 1957, YD-1 came out. It was a powerful bike with a 250cc engine. The YDS-1, which was a further improvement of the YD-1, was the first Japanese motorcycle with five-speed transmission. 
 
Yamaha bikes continued winning competitions. In 1968, Yamaha released its first four-stroke bike, XS-1. It was a 650cc bike matching the performance of the likes of Triumph Bonneville and BSA Gold Star. The company's main rival was Honda, which released the legendary CB-750 four-stroke, four-cylinder in 1969. 
 
With each year, Yamaha bikes continued getting more popular in countries outside Japan. There was a wide demand for bikes like RX-Z in Malaysia and Singapore and RX-100 in India. Currently, Yamaha is famous for its bikes like the 150cc R15, 150cc FZ and 150cc FZ-S.

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